JLPT N4
N4 Grammar List
257 patterns ยท Free reference โ click any pattern for explanations and examples.
ๆ
ๅ ฑๆค็ดข
Find necessary information from notices, pamphlets, and other materials to answer questions
้
Throughout the duration of an state/action
้ใซ
At some point during the duration of an state/action
ใใพใ๏ฝใชใ
Not very much, not particularly
ๅพใง
After doing something
ใฐ
If (conditional)
ๅ ดๅใฏ
In the event of, in case of
ใฐใใ
Only, nothing but
ใ ใใง
Just by, just doing
ๅบใ
Suddenly start to do, start to bring out
ใงใใใใพใ
Polite form of ใงใ (Keigo)
ใงใ
Or something, even (expressing suggestions)
ใงใฏใชใใ
Shall we? Isn't it?
ใๅฟ
่ฆ
Need, is necessary
ใใใ
To smell, hear, taste, or feel (sensory perception)
ใใ
Person who tends to feel / show a certain emotion or physical sensation
ใใ / ใใฃใฆใใ
Show signs of, behave like (3rd person's feelings)
ใใใใพใ
Polite form of ใใใพใ (Keigo)
ๅงใใ
Start doing something
ใฏใใ
Expected to, should be (based on reason/calculation)
ใฏใใใชใ
Cannot be, there is no way that
ๅฟ
่ฆใใใ
Necessary to do
ๆๅๅฝข
Volitional form (let's, I think I will)
ใใใฃใใใ
Honorific form of ใใ, ่กใ, ๆฅใ (Keigo)
ใใใใพใ
Humble form of ใใพใ (Keigo)
ใใใชใใ
Isn't it? (casual/emphasis)
ใใฉใใ
Whether or not
ใใใ
I wonder if (mostly feminine)
ใใ
Question marker (gentle, masculine, casual)
ใใใใใชใ
Might, may, perhaps
ใใช
I wonder (casual)
ใใไฝใ
Made from (materials where chemical changes occur)
ใใฃใจ
Surely, definitely
้
Around, about (approximate point in time)
ใใจ
Nominalizer (the act of doing something)
ใใจใใใ
Have the experience of doing something
ใใจใใงใใ
Can do, be able to do
ใใจใซใชใ
It has been decided that (external decision)
ใใจใซใใ
Decide to do (internal decision)
ใใใ
Make it (adverbial change)
ๆฅใซ
Suddenly, quickly
ใพใงใซ
By (deadline)
ใพใพ
As it is, leaving something in a state
ใพใใฏ
Or, alternatively
ใฟใใใ
Looks like, behaves like
ใฟใใใช
Like, similar to (modifying noun)
ใฟใใใซ
Like, in the manner of (modifying verb/adjective)
ใ
As many as, even (expressing surprise/emphasis)
ใช
Do not (prohibition - very strong)
ใชใฉ
And so on, etc.
ใชใใ
While doing (simultaneous actions)
ใชใใชใ๏ฝใชใ
Not easily, taking a long time to happen
ใชใใใฐใใใชใ
Must do, have to do
ใชใใใฐใชใใชใ
Must do, have to do (more formal/general duty)
ใชใ
If it is the case, as for
ใชใใ
Do it (imperative form, used by parents/teachers)
ใชใใ
Honorific form of ใใพใ (Keigo)
ใซๆฐใใคใ
To notice, to realize
ใซ่ฆใใ
Looks like, appears to be
ใซใใ
Decide on, choose
ใซใใ
Difficult to do
ใฎไธญใง
Among, out of
ใฎใซ
Although, despite
ใฎใฏใใ
Cleft sentence (The one/place/thing that... is...)
ใ๏ฝใใ ใใ
Please do (respectful request, Keigo)
ใ๏ฝใซใชใ
Honorific action (respectful, Keigo)
ใใใซ
At intervals of
็ตใใ
Finish doing something
ใใใ
Passive voice or Potential form
ใใใ
It seems like, apparently (based on reports)
ใ
Nominalizing suffix (converting adjective to noun measuring state/degree)
ใใฃใ
A short while ago
ใใใใใ
Causative-passive (be forced to do)
ใใใ
Causative form (make/let someone do)
ใใใฆใใ ใใ
Please let me do
ใใใ
As expected of, indeed
ใ
And, moreover (listing reasons)
ใใใชใซ
So much, like that
ใใใงใ
Still, even so, despite that
ใใใซ
In addition, besides, moreover
ใใใ
Looks like, about to (conjecture)
ใใใซ / ใใใช
Looking like, appearing to be (modifying noun/verb)
ใใฐใใ
Have just done something
ใใจใใ
Just completed an action (exact moment)
ไปๅ่ฉ & ่ชๅ่ฉ
Transitive and Intransitive verbs
ใใใ
Want to do (3rd person's desire)
ใใ
If, when (conditional)
ใใใฉใ
Why don't you? (giving advice)
ใใใใใงใใ
What should I do? (asking for advice)
ใฆ / ใง
Expressing cause/reason
ใฆใใใ
Do something for someone (favor)
ใฆใปใใ
Want someone to do something
ใฆใใ
Go on doing, start and go, move away
ใฆใใ
Was doing (past continuous)
ใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ
Could you please? (polite request)
ใฆใใใ
Someone does something for me/us
ใฆใใ
Come to do, start to, move towards
ใฆใฟใ
Try to do, attempt
ใฆใใใ
Receive a favor, have someone do something
ใฆใใ
Do something in advance
ใฆใใพใ / ใกใใ
Regretfully do, completely finish doing (casual)
ใฆใใฟใพใใ
Sorry for doing something
ใฆใใ
Do something for someone of lower status/animal
ใฆใใใฃใ
Glad that I did something
ใฆใใใจใใ
In the middle of doing
ใฆใ
Even if, even though
ใจ
Whenever, if (natural consequence)
ใจ่จใฃใฆใใใ
It is safe to say that, could be called
ใจใใ
Called, named
ใจใใใใจ
That is to say, meaning that
ใจ่จใใใฆใใ
It is said that
ใจ่ใใ
I heard that
ใจๆใ
I think that
ใจใ๏ฝใจใ
Like, and (non-exhaustive listing)
ใจใใ
Just about to, on the verge of
็ถใใ
Continue doing something
ใฃใฆ
Topic marker (casual ใจ/ใจใใใฎใฏ/ใจ่จใฃใฆใใ)
ๅ่บซๅฝข
Passive voice (be affected by someone's action)
ใฏใใโฆ ใฏ
Contrastive ใฏ
ใใใ
Easy to do
ใใฃใจ
Finally, at last
ใใ
Than (comparison)
ไบๅฎใ
Plan to do, scheduled to
ใใใ
It seems like, looks like (based on observation)
ใใใซ / ใใใช
Like, similar to (analogy)
ใใใซใชใ
Come to be able to, reach the point where
ใใใซใใ
Try to, make an effort to
ใใใจๆใ
Thinking of doing (volitional state)
ใใฒ
By all means, definitely (expressing strong desire/request)
ๅ
จ็ถ๏ฝใชใ
Not at all
ใฅใใ
Difficult to do (due to physical/psychological pain)
ใ ใใ ใ
Gradually
ใฉใใฉใ
Rapidly, steadily
๏ฝใ
Pluralizing / rough area
ใใ
Way of doing
ใ ใใปใงใใ
But, however
ใชใใฆ
Not being, without (reason)
Verb๏ผปใใใปใใใ๏ผฝ
Passive verb
ไปๅ่ฉใป่ชๅ่ฉ
Transitive / Intransitive
ใชใใ
Do again, fix
ใจใ
When, at the time of
ใพใ
First of all
ใพใง
Until
ใฏใใใ
Start doing
ใใใ
Finish doing
ใใ
Around (time)
ใใจใง
After
ใซ (Frequency)
Per (frequency)
ใจใใจใ
Finally, at last
ใใจใซ
Every
ใชใในใ
As much as possible
ใใจใใใ
About to do
ใจใใใ
I think that
ใฟใใ
Looks like, similar to
ใใ
Looks like
ใใใใ
That kind of
Verb[ใใ]
Volitional
ใใใใ
Not at all
ใใ
Shows signs of
ใใ (Have/Wear)
To wear (accessories)
ใฟใใใซใปใฟใใใช
Like (noun modifier)
ใใใซใปใใใช
Looking like
ใฎใใใซใปใฎใใใช
Like (noun modifier)
ใใใใจๆใใปใใใใจๆใ
Thinking of doing
ใใปใซ
Adverbial
๏ฝใซใใใป๏ฝใใใ
Make something...
ใใฏ
Is not (polite)
ใจใใ
I hope that
ใพใ๏ฝใฎใใใซ
Almost every
ใใปใใ
Want (noun)
ใจใใใ
Heard that
่ใใใ
Can be heard
่ฆใใ
Can be seen
ใ ใ
Suddenly start
๏ฝไปฃ
Cost, fee
ใใใ (Time/Price)
Takes (time/money)
ใใ (Cost)
Costs
Number + ใ
As many as
ใปใจใใฉ
Almost all
ใใใชใปใใใชใปใใใชใปใฉใใช
This kind of
ๅ
Each
ใฎๆฌกใซ
Second to
ใใ
Less than or equal to
ใใใ
Except for
ใ ใใใ
Mostly, generally
ใฎใชใใง
Among
ใใใซใปใใใช
Like (simile)
Number/Amount + ใฏ
At least
ใชใ + counter + ใ
Some, several
็(ใฃ)
Pure, deep (color/state)
Number + ใใใใชใ
Only (negative nuance)
๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใฎไธใคใ
Is one of
๏ฝใชใ๏ฝใฏใชใ
There is no ... that does not ...
ใใใใ๏ฝใชใ
Not at all
ใใใชใใชใ
Not a few, quite a lot
ใฐใใใฏ
In the case of
Verb[ใฆ]
Grammar Point
Verb๏ผปใใใปใใใ๏ผฝ
Causative verb
ใจใใฃใฆใใใ
It can be said that
ใฆใใพใใปใกใใ
Completely do / regret
Verb[ใฆ] + B
Doing A, B
Causative-Passive
Be forced to do
Verb[ใฆ]ใปNoun[ใง] + B
Because of
ใฆใใ
Has been done (and remains)
Verb[ใฆ] + B
Doing A, B
ใใใซ๏ฝใฆใปใใ
Want someone to do so that
ใฆใใใใใ ใซ
While doing
ใชใใฆใใใ
Don't have to
Verb[ใฆ] + B
Doing A, B
Verb[ใชใใง]
Without doing
ใฆใใใฆใใใใจใ
Thank you for doing
ใฆใใใชใใปใฆใใใใชใ
Won't you do for me?
๏ฝใฎใ ใใใ
I wonder if
ใใใใ
Humble
ใใใ
Humble of ใใ
ใปใใซ(ใ)ใปใปใ(ใซ)ใฏ
Besides, other than
ใใฒใคใใ
Need
ใฒใคใใใใใ
Necessary to do
ใใจใใฐ
For example
ใใใปใใใ (Potential)
Can do
ใใ ใใฉใปใใงใใ
But / And (introductory remark)
ใชใใจ
Must do / If don't do
ใใ๏ฝใชใ
Only
ใ ใใงใชใ
Not only
ใใ
If (supposition)
ใ๏ฝใ
And, moreover
ใงใงใใใปใใใงใใ
Made of / from
ใใจใใใ
Just finished doing
ใฆใใใจใใใ
Currently doing
ใจ๏ฝใจใใฉใกใใ
Which is more
ใคใฅใใ
Continue doing
ใใใซใใ
Tell someone to do
ใใฆใใ
Plan to
ใใใซใใฎใ
Pray that
ๅใใ
To become, -ize
ๅฝไปคๅฝข
Imperative form
ใใใซ
In order to, so that
ใฃใฆๆใ
Feels like
ใซใฟใใ
Looks
ใจใฟใใ
Seems that
้ขจ
Style
ใใฟใใใ
Can be observed
ใซใใใคใ
Notice
ใใงใ ใใงใ
Either A or B
ใใใง
Therefore, and then
Question-phrase + ใ
Embedded question
ใจใใใใใใใฆใใ
Is considered to be
ใจใใใฆใใ
Is supposed to be
ใจใใใใฆใใ
It is said that
ใฐใใใฃใ
Should have
ใใใ
It seems like, apparently (based on reports)
ไปฅไธ
More than
ใใฃใจ
By far
ใใใ
It seems like, apparently (based on reports)
็ญๆ่ชญ่งฃ
Read short passages (emails, notices, diary entries) of about 100-200 characters and understand the content
ใพใ
Again
ไธญๆ่ชญ่งฃ
Read medium-length passages of about 350 characters on everyday topics and understand the content and what the writer wants to say
Master N4 grammar with AI practice
Practice each grammar pattern in context. Nihongo Pass identifies which patterns you struggle with most.